Monday, August 4, 2008

Meaning, Etymology of Mathematics

Mathematics

1) is a science that deals with the study of measurement, properties, and relationships of quantities and sets, using numbers and symbols.

2) is the systematic treatment of magnitude, relationships between figures and forms, and relations between quantities expressed symbolically.

3) a science (or group of related sciences) dealing with the logic of quantity and shape and arrangement

Origin: 1350-1400

From Middle English mathematik, from Old French mathematique, from Latin mathēmatica, from Greek mathēmatikē (téchné)

The word "mathematics" (Greek: μαθηματικά or mathēmatiká) comes from the Greek μάθημα (máthēma), which means learning, study, science, and additionally came to have the narrower and more technical meaning "mathematical study", even in Classical times. Its adjective is μαθηματικός (mathēmatikós), related to learning, or studious, which likewise further came to mean mathematical. In particular, μαθηματικὴ τέχνη (mathēmatikḗ tékhnē), in Latin ars mathematica, meant the mathematical art.

Latin mathematica was a plural noun, which is why mathematics has an -s at the end even though we use it as a singular noun. Thus in English, however, the noun mathematics takes singular verb forms. It is often shortened to math in English-speaking North America and maths elsewhere.

2 comments:

Anonymous said...

Women and Cultural Values- --

Every society creats certain values. These values are created in different situations and circumstances but followed by people in subsequent years. Thus after long practice these positive values and norms get institutionalised and become rules and laws.

As for example, the US president goes to the Church even the US being champion of secularism. Because US people consider religion as values. Similarly the US president must show that he lives a happy conjugal (family) life. Since people think that family-life makes a man responsible one.

In India widows avoid remarriage and it is considered a value. No doubt it is a great sacrifice. Sonia Gandhi (with due respect) follows our Indian values. She is respected by Indian people. In fact this way positive values are created in the society and polity.

Now many claim that under modernity, values are replaced by the science and technology. So we can easily throw away our traditional values. But the idea is completly wrong. Without values our life will be complicated one.

Now the feminists thinkers are also challenging these values alleging that these are created by men to oppress the women. This is also a gross mistaske and result of biased thinking.

Society creats certain positive values and norms for men, women and even for the leaders and rulers. However there are certain negative values as well. For example, an old British woman of 54 years has got married to Omar Laden of 26 years. The marriage is not for any genuine cause except for the physical pleasure of the old lady. No society shall consider it as positive.

Values are also different from superstitions. For example, Hindu Sati system or the Muslim Purda system are negative values amounting to superstition.


(Health Counselling) Three Stages of Sex- ---

Human sex has three stages (unlike other animals). First, oral sex then love-making and finaly penetration (fingure and penis). Try stage by stage. Other animals can enjoy penetration only. Your comment plz.

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